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Nahuatl WITHOUT H


PREHISPANIC

Ancient Nahua, like most developed cultures at the time, embodied by paintings messages to communicate, those presented by the description, "were of three kinds: pictograms, ideograms and phonograms "
[1]


° Pictograms .- represent the object, often stylized.

Tekpatl - Flint

Olin - Movement

Kuaujtli - Eagle

° ° ideograms .- In a glyph representing the metaphor of an idea.


is complementary duality, two energies man - woman, two hearts in two and two in one



Never burn with fire


° ° ° Phonograms .- Representation by the integration of syllabic roots that can be split nouns, verbs, prepositions, adjectives and so on., these are names such as place names. Pineapple matsojtli

Matsojtla tla between abundance

"Entre El Pinal" white istaken
kuauitl Istakuatitla wood, tree abundance Titla

"flowing with white wood" atl Atenkuapa
tentli water mouth lip, kua
edge high above
pa in, on the

"At the top of the water's edge"

In many cases, the writing was not a class, but the combination of two or three mentioned. CODICE

Techialoyan

This is a group of manuscripts with land issues which shows a transition of the pictograms and the use of Latin script, were undoubtedly the first interpretations written by English missionaries in the Mexican media, where the fused the message of a tlajkuiloani and the clerk, there are many of them as the Santa Maria Ocelotepec, Mimiahuapan San Miguel, Santa Maria Tetelpan, among others.









WRITING


New Spain Missionaries, to make the first notes of Nauatl tongue, with phonetics they knew, adapted to indigenous languages \u200b\u200bCastilian alphabet.

In time, studio writing and, usually foreigners who noticed a few adjustments and elimination of repeated letters, since in Mexico the phonetics of their native languages, have no known original Castilian.

In 1758, Horacio Carochi emphasized the comparison of Castilian warning Nauatl and reasons for not using the "h" in some words where it is not necessary, also suggested the use of normal voice, assumed, sucked, stretched and saltillo.

Semeon Remi (1885), in their language grammatical studies Nauatl, noted the need to remove spellings.


"The English and Indian writers have taken seventeen letters of the alphabet of the Indo-European languages \u200b\u200bto reproduce the sounds of language Nauatl, namely: a, c, c, e, h, y, l, m, n, o , p, q, t, u, x, y, z.
These letters could even be reduced to thirteen, as the two guttural CyQ could easily be replaced by k, and C and z, i and y, the o and u were used interchangeably " 2



addition, the separation of compounds and juxtaposed, for complex reasons that hearing, the listener tried to represent everything in a statement, fueling, poverty of speech which does not exist. Angel Maria Garibay

Kintner said, the aural similarity in Castilian.

"It is true that each sign represents a sound, so is a sound that sometimes two signs correspond to the sound K = C, QU, H, a sign of aspiration, coupled with stepped and U represents sound W. Also sometimes a single sign represents two sounds: C = K and C = S "3


Karen
Darkin for his part, speaking of the phonological evolution of the current old Nauatl various parts of Mexico and Central America, showing that the there is a set of dialects, and notes at the same time, the disuse of a good vocabulary acquisition English loan made by speakers.

Nahuatl
THE ACTUAL WRITING

In September 1978 the Organization of Civil Association Nahua Indian Professionals (OPINAC), the National Alliance of Indigenous Bilingual Professionals Civil Association (ANPIBAC) and the Advanced Research Center of the INAH (CIS-INAH ) organized a seminar on "grammar Nauatl Modern Huasteca region (Hidalgo and Veracruz) course ended January 13, 1979.

This course was aimed at, check writing and form ethnolinguists Nauatl speakers of the language, this was the analysis and integration of nauatlajkuilolpamitl (Nauatl alphabet) of 18 graphs which unified the use of c and z in s, k CyQ in , use of j instead of h; naturally Huasteca variant differs from other regions, why did not include graphs used in the Sierra Norte de Puebla as tagatsin g, v avi, although if is a phonetic analysis of this variant, only a variation type dyslexia, eg tagatsin of takatsin as used in some communities in the Huasteca Hidalgo, because in most regions is tlakatsin nauahablantes; avi Cuetzalan AUI, Pue.

community in San Mateo than talk Almomoloa where a very sucked Nauatl use the term tsireko meaning little, small, tiny, and here a spelling again, r.


NAUATLAJKUILOLPAMITL

vowels a, e, i, o, u
consonants ch, k, l, m, n, o, p, s, t, x, y, tl, ts.

.

Of which by their particularities and in order to examine more accurately the structure and function of the phonetic system and to identify each of them by observing their distinctive phonetic features, it gives the following description.
vowels
To do a study, we will consider the following phonetic: manner of articulation, place of articulation, tone and timbre of sound and loudness level.

1 .- In the manner of articulation, as the degree of opening of the oral cavity with that sound, open vowels are: / a /, Semi / e, o /, closed / i, u /.

2 .- In the joint, as the oral cavity where they are pronounced, the vowels are: pre / e, i /, half / a / and back / o, u /.
3 .- By the tone or timbre of sound, according to the greater or lesser extent in the mouth to pronounce the vowels are severe or low tone: / o, u /, neutral or mid-tone: / a / and acute or high-pitched: / e, i /.
4 .- For the degree of loudness, we can say that all vowels are voiced, because the vocal cords vibrate at the time of utterance.

PHONOLOGICAL SYSTEM OF DIRECTORS


Central
Palatal or earlier or later or velar
half
CLOSED
i


or Semi-open and


or
OPEN


a neutral



severe acute

Consonants





To study Nauatl consonants of the alphabet, we will consider the following phonetic aspects: the mode of articulation, degree of loudness and pitch or timbre of sound.

a) .- In the manner of articulation, as close or open the mouth at the time of utterance might be: stops, nasals, affricates and liquids.

1 .- stops / p, t, k, / are characterized by momentary complete closure of the channel mouth and that, by becoming the occlusion, precipitating a brief burst sound.

2 .- The nasal / m, n / nasal resonate at the time to act, the sound is released by the nose.

3 .- The affricates / s, and ch, j, x / are characterized by the partial closure of the mouth forming a narrow channel through which air is released constricted, producing a rubbing sound more or less prolonged.

4 .- The liquid / l / is a fricative wide open as the voice with which I agreed.

b) .- For the joint, by region of the oral cavity where they decide, consonants can be labial, dental, alveolar, palatal and velar.

1 .- The labial / p, m /, are articulated with the lips predominant mode.

2 .- The dental / t, ts, tl /, are articulated with the tongue tip and body active and the upper teeth as a passive organ.

3 .- The alveolar / n, l, s, x /, are articulated with the tongue tip and body active and incisive alveoli as passive organ.

4 .- In the palatal / ch, and / organs are assets and liabilities, the front of the tongue and palate. 5 .-

velars / k, j / the postdorso of the tongue raised against the soft palate.


c) .- For the varying degrees of loudness as vibrating or non-vocal cords at the time of their pronunciation, consonants can be voiced or voiceless.

1 .- deaf / p, t, ts, k, s, ch, j, x / with a thud and tough to pronounce them because they do not vibrate the vocal cords.

2 .- The sound / m, n, l, and tl / have a smooth and harmonious sound, due to the vibration of the vocal cords in pronunciation.



TABLE Phonetic Consonants



labial dental alveolar


palatal velar stops



p t





k
nasal




m n







affricate ts



s, x


ch and j

central



tl l






lateral












sound

deaf deaf deaf
sound


sono ra

deaf deaf sound


sono ra
serious



acute acute acute aggravation

NAUATLAJKUILOLPAMITL
USE

GRAFIA USE CURRENT USE CLASSIC COMMENTARY

A master master remains with atl atl
phonetics amatl
amatl
chilli chilli
I stay with bed bed

lichini lichini phonetics

N nanacatl nanakatl remains with
nantli
phonetics nantli nika nica


E etl etl remains with the phonetic
euatl ehuatl
yestli yestli


T
decision making remains with the phonetic
totonic totonik tata tata

K cuicatl kuikatl letters q c
notske notzque change -
quinmaca maka kin by K

O coyotl koyotl remains with
teotl teotl master master phonics


tlamia tlamia TL remains with the phonetic
tlamaka Tlamacas
choquiztli chokistli

J J huehuetlahtolli ueuetlajtoli supplies to
Ohtli ojtli the ehecatl
ejekatl h when necessary, in some

variants is
the break.
U
huehue
Ahui AUI ueue disappears when the H is silent
huelli Ueli.

L ahaltik ajaltik remains with the phonetic
lochontok lochontok
Allahu ALAU

M Moyahua moyaua remains with the phonetic
mimiloa mimiloa
mati mati

S Cecen seseña letters c, z istaken iztac

are unified in S oceliz oselis And Yolotl Yolotl

remains with the phonetic
tlaoyan tlaoyan
Yahui YAUI
xochitl xochitl
X has the sound of SH
acxoyatl akxoyatl in English xamani
xamani

CH oquichtli okichtli remains with the phonetic
Choka hits
Chichina Chichina

P
pipitza popohua
pipitsa popoua remains with the phonetic
ipan ipan
toka
T plays Stay with phonetics
miktia mictia
subject matter

TS TS Notz nots supplies to tz
tzayana tsayana
Azcapotzalco Askapotsalko

As noted, most remain with the phonetic spellings known in Castilian, ecepto those already mentioned, clarified that the use of the / H /, when aspirated sound is changed by the / J / and when the writing reflects a / H / mute, simply disappears for having no function, the / L / is unique.

For some regions instead of J, using the break / '/ that makes a cut phonetic as: ne'ua (I), yeye'ka (air).

Given the ease of use and usefulness that is giving to apply in primary schools of the Directorate of Indigenous Education in the development of language classes Nauatl in the Language Teaching Center of the State University Mexico, it is through this new form of writing now given by native speakers of the language scholars. BIBLIOGRAPHY




FERNANDEZ Rojas Hilda Ángela, Manual for the preparation of texts, UAEM, 1999. SAN ROMAN
Miranda July, Nauatl-English Vocabulary English-Nauatl of the Huasteca, SEP, CIESAS, INI, Mexico, 1981.
THELMA D. Sullivan, Compendium of Nahuatl Grammar, UNAM, Second Printing, Mexico, 1988. REMI
Simeon, Dictionary of the Nahuatl language, Ed Porrua, Mexico. Kintana GARIBAY
Angel Maria, the key to the Nahuatl, Ed Porrua, Mexico. BÉLIGAND
Nadine, San Antonio Techialoyan Codex, Institute of Culture Mexico State, Mexico 1993.


[1]
Thelma D. Sullivan, Compendium of Nahuatl Grammar, p. 21

2
Remi Simeon, Dictionary of Nahuatl language, pag. XXXIV

3
Angel Maria Garibay K. The key to the Nahuatl, Edt. Porrua. P. 25